Cancer, viruses, bacteria, and chemicals are threatening our bodies every day. The weapon our body uses to fight these threats is our immune system. When triggered by the presence of something it perceives as foreign (and therefore danger), our immune system will produce antibodies targeting... click to read more

Organisms face stress daily, and generally, these stressors have some form of negative effect on our physiology. For example, exposure to thermal stress (elevated heat) increases body temperatures, causes loss of cognitive function, and mood changes. Humans have adapted several different methods for dealing with... click to read more

Some blood and immune disorders have origins during early human development. To treat these diseases effectively, we must understand what is occurring during normal development and how critical changes in cellular expansion could lead to disease. In adulthood, our blood and immune cells are made in... click to read more

The diploid human genome contains 23 pairs of chromosomes whose DNA encodes genes for life activities, such as cell division. Cancer corrupts those genes, making growth-promoting genes more active (oncogenes) or growth-inhibiting genes (tumor suppressors) less active. One of the most common genetic alterations causing... click to read more

Imagine the global threat of a potentially lethal virus, showing up in mainland China and rapidly spreading worldwide, for which no effective treatments or vaccines are available. A few months ago, this would have been nothing more than a book or a movie plot. Unfortunately, it... click to read more