Every day we are choosing and performing actions to achieve goals. These goal-directed behaviors are motivated by the idea of goals in memory or mind. What were your last goal-directed actions? Maybe it was to purchase a croissant or repair your bike. Any of us... click to read more

While humans are 99.999% the same at the DNA level, there are small variations in our DNAs known as alleles. Most differences in our alleles are harmless, but some alleles make us more susceptible to get diseases like cancer or dementia. Understanding how these alleles... click to read more

We continuously learn about the consequences of our actions and change our behaviour accordingly so we can in future repeat a response that produced the desired outcome and hold back learned behaviours that are no longer appropriate. Imagine you are hungry and go to the... click to read more

Ouch! — we often can't help shouting when stubbing a toe or getting a finger squashed in a door. These are everyday experiences that elicit pain. But how do we actually recognize those experiences as painful? Why is pain precious? Pain sensing begins with specialized nerve... click to read more

When we look at the world before us, we experience a unified scene of shapes and colors. But individual neurons in our brain do not. They are microscopic automata that can only emit electrical impulses when specific shape patterns appear in their little territory of... click to read more